- This face, head and neck anatomic atlas is an educating tool for studying the normal anatomy of the face based on a contrast enhanced multidetector computed tomography imaging (axial and coronal planes). Interactive labeled images allow a comprehensive study of the anatomical structures.
Cross sectional anatomy: CT of the head and neck
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A coronal and axial contrast enhanced multidetector computed tomography imaging of the head and neck was performed on a healthy subject.
DICOM images archived in the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System) were processed and exported as JPEG images. - The software Macromedia Flash and Adobe Photoshop permit us the development of anatomical atlas software with a suitable functionality and user interface for the exploration of the head and neck and the skull base.
- Anatomical structures were labeled according to the new Terminologia Anatomica.
Anatomy of the head and neck: how to visualize anatomic labels
- This atlas is a comprehensive and affordable learning tool for residents and medical students and especially for radiologists and surgeons.
- It provides to images in the axial and coronal planes so the user is able to study and learn anatomy interactively. Images are labeled, providing a comprehensive teaching resource. Evaluation of user progress is assessed with the test mode.
- The horizontal menu allows an access to the groups of anatomical structures:
- Bones: ethmoidal, frontal, lacrimal, palatine, parietal , temporal and zygomatic bones, mandible, maxilla, sphenoid, vomer.
- Teeth
- Arteries
- Veins
- Muscles
- Nerves
- Foramen
- Cavities
- Mucosa/glands
- Lymph nodes regions
- As the cursor is moved over a particular anatomic area, that area is highlighted and labeled: this tool has been chosen to show deep face spaces and cavities:
- Pharyngeal mucosal space
- Oral cavity
- Masticator space
- Parotid space
- Carotid space
- Retropharyngeal space
- Perivertebral space
- Visceral space
- Posterior cervical space
- Sublingual space
- Submandibular fossa
- Paravertebral space
- Prevertebral space
- Retropharyngeal space
- The vertical left menu provides axial, coronal and sagittal reference tools of the face, with anatomical graphics based on a three dimensional (3D) model.
- A15.2.00.001
- Abducent nerve; Abducens nerve [VI] - Nervus abducens [VI]
- Accessory nerve [XI] - Nervus accessorius [XI]
- Alveolar process - Processus alveolaris
- Alveolar recess - Recessus alveolaris (Maxillary sinus - Sinus maxillaris)
- Anatomical structures - Anatomical structures
- Angle of mandible - Angulus mandibulae
- Angular artery - Arteria angularis
- Angular vein - Vena angularis
- Anterior cerebral artery - Arteria cerebri anterior
- Anterior clinoid process - Processus clinoideus anterior
- Anterior cranial fossa - Fossa cranii anterior
- Anterior deep temporal artery - Arteria temporalis profunda anterior
- Anterior ethmoidal foramen - Foramen - Foramen ethmoidale anterius
- Anterior jugular vein - Vena jugularis anterior
- Anterior nasal spine - Spina nasalis anterior
- Arteries - Arteriae
- Articular tubercle - Tuberculum articulare
- Aryepiglottic fold - Plica aryepiglottica
- Ascending pharyngeal artery - Arteria pharyngea ascendens
- Atlas [C I] - Atlas [C I]
- Auditory tube - Tuba auditiva
- Axis [C II] - Axis [C II]
- Basilar artery - Arteria basilaris
- Body of hyoid bone - Corpus ossis hyoidei
- Body of mandible - Corpus mandibulae
- Body of sphenoid bone - Corpus sphenoidale
- Body of tongue - Corpus linguae
- Bones - Os
- Buccinator - Musculus buccinator
- C3 - C3
- C4 - C4
- C5 - C5
- Canine tooth - Dens caninus
- Carotid canal - Canalis caroticus
- Carotid space - (Carotid space)
- Cavernous sinus - Sinus cavernosus
- Cavities - Cavities
- Choana; Posterior nasal aperture - Choana; Apertura nasalis posterior
- Choroid plexus of third ventricle - Plexus choroideus ventriculi tertii
- Clivus - Clivus
- Cochlear nerve - Nervus cochlearis
- Common carotid artery - Arteria carotis communis
- Common trunk (facial, retromandibular and lingual veins)
- Condylar canal - Canalis condylaris
- Condylar process - Processus condylaris
- Coronoid process - Processus coronoideus
- Cranial base - Basis cranii (Bones - Os)
- Cranial base - Basis cranii (Foramina - Foramina)
- Cribriform foramina - Foramina cribrosa
- Cribriform plate - Lamina cribrosa
- Crista galli - Crista galli
- Deep facial vein - Vena profunda faciei
- Depressor anguli oris - Musculus depressor anguli oris
- Depressor labii inferioris - Musculus depressor labii inferioris
- Descending palatine artery - Arteria palatina descendens
- Diagrams - Diagrams
- Digastric - Musculus digastricus (Anterior belly - Venter anterior)
- Digastric - Musculus digastricus (Posterior belly - Venter posterior)
- Digastric fossa - Fossa digastrica
- Dorsal nasal artery; External nasal artery - Arteria dorsalis nasi
- Dorsum sellae - Dorsum sellae
- Epicranius - Musculus epicranius
- Epiglottis - Epiglottis
- Ethmoid; Ethmoidal bone - Os ethmoidale
- Ethmoidal bulla - Bulla ethmoidalis
- Ethmoidal cells - Cellulae ethmoidales
- External acoustic meatus - Meatus acusticus externus
- External carotid artery - Arteria carotis externa
- External intercostal muscle - Musculi intercostales externi
- External jugular vein - Vena jugularis externa
- External palatine vein - Vena palatina externa
- Facial artery - Arteria facialis
- Facial nerve [VII] - Nervus facialis [VII]
- Facial vein - Vena facialis
- Foramen - Foramen caecum - Foramen - Foramen caecum
- Foramen - Foramen lacerum - Foramen - Foramen lacerum
- Foramen - Foramen magnum - Foramen - Foramen magnum
- Foramen - Foramen ovale - Foramen - Foramen ovale
- Foramen - Foramen rotundum - Foramen - Foramen rotundum
- Foramen - Foramen spinosum - Foramen - Foramen spinosum
- Foramen - Foramen transversarium - Foramen - Foramen transversarium
- Foramina - Foramina
- Frontal bone - Os frontale
- Frontal crest - Crista frontalis
- Frontal process - Processus frontalis
- Frontal sinus - Sinus frontalis
- Frontonasal duct - Canalis frontonasalis
- Genioglossus - M. genioglossus
- Geniohyoid - Musculus geniohyoideus
- Glabella - Glabella
- Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] - Nervus glossopharyngeus [IX]
- Great cerebral vein - Vena magna cerebri
- Greater horn - Cornu majus
- Greater palatine foramen - Foramen - Foramen palatinum majus
- Greater wing - Ala major
- Head of mandible - Caput mandibulae; Condylus mandibulae
- Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve - Hiatus canalis nervi petrosi majoris
- Hide - Hide
- Hide all bones - Hide all bones
- Horizontal plate - Lamina horizontalis
- Hyoglossus - M. hyoglossus
- Hypoglossal canal - Canalis nervi hypoglossi
- Hypoglossal nerve [XII] - Nervus hypoglossus [XII]
- Hypophysial fossa - Fossa hypophysialis
- Incisive fossa - Fossa incisiva
- Incisor tooth - Dens incisivus Central - Centralis
- Incisor tooth - Dens incisivus Lateral - Lateralis
- Inferior alveolar artery - Arteria alveolaris inferior
- Inferior constrictor - M. constrictor pharyngis inferior
- Inferior labial branch - Arteria labialis inferior
- Inferior nasal concha - Concha nasalis inferior
- Inferior nasal meatus - Meatus nasi inferior
- Inferior oblique - Musculus obliquus inferior
- Inferior ophthalmic vein - Vena ophthalmica inferior
- Inferior orbital fissure - Fissura orbitalis inferior
- Inferior rectus - Musculus rectus inferior
- Infraorbital artery - Arteria infraorbitalis
- Infraorbital foramen - Foramen - Foramen infraorbitale
- Infraorbital recess - Recessus infraorbitale (Maxillary sinus - Sinus maxillaris)
- Infratemporal fossa - Fossa infratemporalis
- Infratemporal surface - Facies infratemporalis
- Internal acoustic meatus - Meatus acusticus internus
- Internal carotid artery - Arteria carotis interna
- Internal jugular vein - Vena jugularis interna
- Intraglandular nodes - Nodi intraglandulares
- Jugular foramen - Foramen - Foramen jugulare
- Jugular trunk - Truncus jugularis
- Jugulodigastri c nod - Nodus jugulodigastricus
- Jugum sphenoidale; Sphenoidal yoke - Jugum sphenoidale
- Lacrimal bone - Os lacrimale
- Lacrimal canaliculus - Canaliculus lacrimalis
- Lacrimal groove - Sulcus lacrimalis
- Laryngeal inlet - Aditus laryngis
- Laryngopharynx; Hypopharynx - Pars laryngea pharyngis
- Lateral cervical nodes - Nodi cervicales laterales; Nodi colli laterales
- Lateral plate - Lamina lateralis
- Lateral pterygoid - Musculus pterygoideus lateralis
- Lateral rectus - Musculus rectus lateralis
- Lesser horn - Cornu minus
- Lesser palatine foramina - Foramina palatina minora
- Lesser wing - Ala minor
- Levator anguli oris - Musculus levator anguli oris
- Levator labii superioris - Musculus levator labii superioris
- Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi - Musculus levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
- Levator palpebrae superioris - Musculus levator palpebrae superioris
- Levator scapulae - Musculus levator scapulae
- Levator veli palatini - M. levator veli palatini
- Lingual artery - Arteria lingualis
- Lingual vein - Vena lingualis
- Lingula - Lingula mandibulae
- Longissimus capitis - Musculus longissimus capitis
- Lymph nodes of head and neck - Nodi lymphoidei capitis et colli
- Mandible - Mandibula
- Mandibular foramen - Foramen - Foramen mandibulae
- Mandibular fossa - Fossa mandibularis
- Mandibular nerve; Mandibular division [Vc; V3] - Nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3]
- Mandibular notch - Incisura mandibulae
- Masseter - Musculus masseter
- Masticator space - Masticator space
- Mastoid cells - Cellulae mastoideae
- Mastoid process - Processus mastoideus
- Maxilla - Maxilla
- Maxillary artery - Arteria maxillaris
- Maxillary nerve; Maxillary division Vb; V2 - Nervus maxillaris[Vb; V2]
- Medial plate - Lamina medialis
- Medial pterygoid - Musculus pterygoideus medialis
- Medial rectus - Musculus rectus medialis
- Mental foramen - Foramen - Foramen mentale
- Mental protuberance - Protuberantia mentalis
- Mental tubercle - Tuberculum mentale
- Middle cerebral artery - Arteria cerebri media
- Middle constrictor - M. constrictor pharyngis medius
- Middle cranial fossa - Fossa cranii media
- Middle meningeal artery - Arteria meningea media
- Middle meningeal veins - Venae meningeae mediae
- Middle nasal concha - Concha nasalis media
- Middle nasal meatus - Meatus nasi medius
- Molar tooth - Dens molaris (1)
- Molar tooth - Dens molaris (2)
- Molar tooth - Dens molaris (3)
- Mucosal pharyngeal space - Mucosal pharyngeal space
- Mucosas / Glands - Mucosas / Glands
- Muscles - Musculi
- Muscles of soft palate and fauces - Musculi palati mollis et faucium
- Mylohyoid - Musculus mylohyoideus
- Mylohyoid groove - Sulcus mylohyoideus
- Mylohyoid line - Linea mylohyoidea
- Nasal bone - Os nasale
- Nasal cavity - Cavitas nasi
- Nasal surface - Facies nasalis
- Nasopharynx - Pars nasalis pharyngis
- Nerves - Nerves
- Nodi sternocleidomastoides - Nodi sternocleidomastoides
- Obliquus capitis inferior - Musculus obliquus capitis inferior
- Obliquus capitis superior - Musculus obliquus capitis superior
- Occipital artery - Arteria occipitalis
- Occipital bone - Os occipitale
- Occipital condyle - Condylus occipitalis
- Oculomotor nerve [III] - Nervus oculomotorius [III]
- Olfactory nerve [I] - Nervus olfactorius [I]
- Opening of sphenoidal sinus - Apertura sinus sphenoidalis
- Ophthalmic artery - Arteria ophthalmica
- Optic canal - Canalis opticus
- Optic nerve [II] - Nervus opticus [II]
- Oral cavity - Cavitas oris
- Orbicularis oris - Musculus orbicularis oris
- Orbital plate - Lamina orbitalis
- Orbital surface - Facies orbitalis
- Orbital surface - Facies orbitalis (Greater wing - Ala major)
- Orbital surface - Facies orbitalis (Lesser wing - Ala minor)
- Orbital surface - Facies orbitalis (Zygomatic bone - Os zygomaticum)
- Oropharynx - Pars oralis pharyngis
- Ouverture du sinus maxillaire - Ouverture du sinus maxillaire
- Palatine bone - Os palatinum
- Palatine process - Processus palatinus
- Palatine tonsil - Tonsilla palatina
- Palatopharyngeal arch; Posterior pillar of fauces - Arcus palatopharyngeus; Plica posterior faucium
- Palatopharyngeus - M. palatopharyngeus
- Parapharyngeal space; Lateral pharyngeal space - Spatium lateropharyngeum; Spatium pharyngeum laterale; Spatium parapharyngeum
- Paravertebral space - Paravertebral space
- Parietal bone - Os parietale
- Parotid gland - Glandula parotidea
- Parotid space - Parotid space
- Perpendicular plate - Lamina perpendicularis
- Petrous part - Pars petrosa
- Pharyngeal recess - Recessus pharyngeus
- Piriform fossa; Piriform recess - Recessus piriformis
- Platysma - Platysma
- Posterior auricular artery - Arteria auricularis posterior
- Posterior cerebral artery - Arteria cerebri posterior
- Posterior cervical space - Posterior cervical space
- Posterior clinoid process - Processus clinoideus posterior
- Posterior cranial fossa - Fossa cranii posterior
- Postero-lateral superficial cervical nodes - Postero-lateral superficial cervical nodes
- Prechiasmatic sulcus - Sulcus prechiasmaticus
- Premolar tooth - Dens premolaris (1)
- Premolar tooth - Dens premolaris (2)
- Prevertebral space - Prevertebral space
- Pterygoid fovea - Fovea pterygoidea
- Pterygoid hamulus - Hamulus pterygoideus
- Pterygopalatine fossa - Fossa pterygopalatina
- Ramus of mandible - Ramus mandibulae
- Rectus capitis posterior major - Musculus rectus capitis posterior major
- Retromandibular vein - Vena retromandibularis
- Retromaxillozygomatic space - Retromaxillozygomatic space
- Retropharyngeal nodes - Nodi retropharyngeales
- Retropharyngeal space - Spatium retropharyngeum
- Risorius - Musculus risorius
- Root of tongue - Radix linguae
- Salpingopharyngeal fold - Plica salpingopharyngea
- Scalenus muscles - Scalenus muscles
- Semispinalis capitis - Musculus semispinalis capitis
- Semispinalis cervicis - Musculus semispinalis cervicis; Musculus semispinalis colli
- Show all bones - Show all bones
- Sigmoid sinus - Sinus sigmoideus
- Soft palate - Palatum molle; Velum palatinum
- Soft tissues - Soft tissues
- Sphenoid; Sphenoidal bone - Os sphenoidale
- Sphenoidal sinus - Sinus sphenoidalis
- Sphenopalatine artery - Arteria sphenopalatina
- Sphenopalatine foramen - Foramen - Foramen sphenopalatinum
- Spine of sphenoid bone - Spina ossis sphenoidalis
- Splenius capitis - Musculus splenius capitis
- Squamous part - Pars squamosa
- Sternocleidomastoid - Musculus sternocleidomastoideus
- Sternohyoid - Musculus sternohyoideus Thyrohyoid - Musculus thyrohyoideus Omohyoid - Musculus omohyoideus
- Styloglossus - M. styloglossus
- Styloid process - Processus styloideus
- Stylomastoid foramen - Foramen - Foramen stylomastoideum
- Stylopharyngeus - M. stylopharyngeus
- Sublingual gland - Glandula sublingualis
- Sublingual space - Sublingual space
- Submandibular fossa - Fovea submandibularis
- Submandibular ganglion - Ganglion submandibulare
- Submandibular gland - Glandula submandibularis
- Submental artery - Arteria submentalis
- Submental nodes - Nodi submentales
- Submental vein - Vena submentalis
- Superficial parotid nodes - Nodi parotidei superficiales
- Superficial temporal artery - Arteria temporalis superficialis
- Superficial temporal veins - Venae temporales superficiales
- Superior constrictor - M. constrictor pharyngis superior
- Superior laryngeal artery - Arteria laryngea superior
- Superior mental spine; Superior genial spine - Spina mentalis superior; Spina geni superior
- Superior nasal concha - Concha nasalis superior
- Superior oblique - Musculus obliquus superior
- Superior ophthalmic vein - Vena ophthalmica superior
- Superior orbital fissure - Fissura orbitalis superior
- Superior petrosal sinus - Sinus petrosus superior
- Superior rectus - Musculus rectus superior
- Superior sagittal sinus - Sinus sagittalis superior
- Superior thyroid artery - Arteria thyroidea superior
- Supraorbital notchforamen - Incisura supraorbitalis; foramen supraorbitale
- Sympathetic trunk - Truncus sympathicus
- Teeth - Dentes
- Temporal bone - Os temporale
- Temporal process - Processus temporalis
- Temporalis; Temporal muscle - Musculus temporalis
- Tensor veli palatini - M. tensor veli palatini
- Torus tubarius - Torus tubarius
- Transverse facial artery - Arteria transversa faciei
- Trigeminal ganglion - Ganglion trigeminale
- Trigeminal nerve [V] - Nervus trigeminus [V]
- Trochlear nerve [IV] - Nervus trochlearis [IV]
- Tuberculum sellae - Tuberculum sellae
- Tympanic canaliculus - Canaliculus tympanicus
- Tympanic cavity - Cavitas tympani
- Tympanic part - Pars tympanica
- Uncinate process - Processus uncinatus
- Uvula - Uvula palatina
- Vagus nerve [X] - Nervus vagus [X]
- Veins - Vena
- Vertebral artery - Arteria vertebralis
- Vestibular canaliculus - Canaliculus vestibuli
- Visceral space of the neck - Visceral space of the neck
- Vomer - Vomer
- Window - Window
- Zygomatic bone - Os zygomaticum
- Zygomatic process - Processus zygomaticus
- Zygomatic recess - Zygomatic recess (Maxillary sinus - Sinus maxillaris)
- Zygomaticofacial foramen - Foramen - Foramen zygomaticofaciale
- Zygomaticus major - Musculus zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor - Musculus zygomaticus minor
