The knee (MR) - Interactive Atlas of Cross-Sectional Human Anatomy

• This atlas of cross sectional anatomy of the knee is based on imagery by magnetic resonance (IMRI). Each anatomical structure is labeled in an interactive way. This tool is at the same time useful for the training and teaching of the anatomy, but also with the experts to illustrate a course or an explanation of a pathology to a patient, in particular within the framework of the ruptures of the cross ligaments or the lesions of the meniscuses.
• This software is open and free for any public curious about anatomy, but it was particularly conceived for the radiologists, the rheumatologists, the orthopedic surgeons, the general practitioners, the students and external in medicine (assistance with the preparation of the boarding school), and the manipulators in radiology.

Cross-sectional anatomy: MRI of the knee

• A MRI of knee on a healthy subject was performed in the 3 space planes (coronal, axial, sagittal) commonly used in osteoarticular imagery, with the two MR weightings most commonly used to explore the musculo-skeletal pathology of the knee: spin-echo T1 and proton-density with fat saturation sequences.

• The images obtained were exported in JPEG starting from data DICOM stored on the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System).
• The images were postprocessed with Adobe Photoshop (realignment, reduction of size in order to adapt to the electronic format).
• The interactive and dynamic contents were added with Adobe Flash.

Illustrations: 3D osseous models of the knee

• We added 3D illustrations of the bones of the knee (femur, tibia, fibula (peroneal) and patella (kneecap)) that were labeled. They were created by volume rendering from a CT-scan of the knee. These illustrations allow basic anatomical recalls in anatomy of the knee and make it possible to be located more easily on an MRI by using the osseous cross-references.

Cross-sectional anatomy of the human body : how visualize anatomical structures

• The menu “anatomical structures” allows the user to visualize only the labels of interest:
  • Os
  • Articulations
  • Ligaments
  • Muscles
  • Tendos
  • Fascia
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Nerves

• The menu “weightings” makes it possible to choose the type of sequence IRM to be viewed: spin-echo T1 or proton-density with fat saturation sequences.
• The menu “plans” allows to choose the visualization of the knee in one of the 3 plans of space: axial, coronal, sagittal and to reach the osseous 3D volume renderings.
• The left side menu, provides cross-references to help for a better orientation in space for the user. This one moreover is facilitated by a medical illustration of the osseous skeleton based on a 3D illustration by volume rendering.

• Adductor tubercle - Tuberculum adductorium
• Anatomical structures - Anatomical structures
• Anterior cruciate ligament - Lig. cruciatum anterius
• Anterior intercondylar area - Area intercondylaris anterior
• Anterior intermuscular septum of leg - Septum intermusculare cruris anterius
• Anterior meniscofemoral ligament - Lig. meniscofemorale anterius
• Anterior surface - Facies anterior
• Anterior tibial artery - Arteria tibialis anterior
• Anterior tibial veins - Vv. tibiales anteriores
• Apex of head - Apex capitis fibulae
• Apex of patella - Apex patellae
• Arcuate popliteal ligament - Lig. popliteum arcuatum
• Arteries - Arteriae
• Articular facet - Facies articularis capitis fibulae
• Articular surface - Facies articularis
• Articularis genus; Articular muscle of knee - M. articularis genus
• Base of patella - Basis patellae
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris (Long head - Caput longum)
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris (Short head - Caput breve)
• Bones - Os
• Common fibular nerve - N. fibularis communis
• Deep fascia of leg - Fascia cruris
• Extensor digitorum longus - M. extensor digitorum longus
• Fabella - Fabella
• Fascia - Fasciae
• Fascia lata - Fascia lata
• Femur; Thigh bone - Femur; Os femoris
• Fibula - Fibula
• Fibular articular facet - Facies articularis fibularis
• Fibular collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale fibulare
• Fibularis longus - M. fibularis longus
• Gastrocnemius - M. gastrocnemius (Lateral head - Caput laterale)
• Gastrocnemius - M. gastrocnemius (Medial head - Caput mediale)
• Gerdy's tubercule - Gerdy's tubercule
• Gracilis - M. gracilis
• Great saphenous vein - V. saphena magna
• Groove for popliteus - Sulcus popliteus
• Head - Caput fibulae
• Iliotibial tract - Tractus iliotibialis
• Infrapatellar fat pad - Corpus adiposum infrapatellare
• Infrapatellar synovial fold - Plica synovialis infrapatellaris
• Intercondylar eminence - Eminentia intercondylaris
• Intercondylar fossa - Fossa intercondylaris
• Interosseous membrane of leg - Membrana interossea cruris
• Joint - Junctura
• Lateral condyle - Condylus lateralis
• Lateral epicondyle - Epicondylus lateralis
• Lateral femoral intermuscular septum - Septum intermusculare femoris laterale
• Lateral intercondylar tubercle - Tuberculum intercondylare laterale
• Lateral meniscus - Meniscus lateralis
• Lateral meniscus : anterior horn - Meniscus lateralis
• Lateral meniscus : posterior horn - Meniscus lateralis
• Lateral patellar retinaculum - Retinaculum patellae laterale
• Lateral sural cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus surae lateralis
• Lateral surface - Facies lateralis
• Ligaments - Ligamenta
• Medial condyle - Condylus medialis
• Medial epicondyle - Epicondylus medialis
• Medial intercondylar tubercle - Tuberculum intercondylare mediale
• Medial meniscus - Meniscus medialis
• Medial meniscus : anterior horn - Meniscus medialis
• Medial meniscus : posterior horn - Meniscus medialis
• Medial patellar retinaculum - Retinaculum patellae mediale
• Medial sural cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus surae medialis
• Medial surface - Facies medialis
• Muscles - Muscles; Muscular system
• Muscular branches - Rr. musculares (Tibial nerve - N. tibialis)
• Neck - Collum fibulae
• Nerves - Nerves
• Oblique popliteal ligament - Lig. popliteum obliquum
• PD-SPIR - PD-SPIR
• Patella - Patella
• Patellar surface - Facies patellaris
• Plantaris - M. plantaris
• Plica synovialis mediopatellaris - Plica synovialis mediopatellaris
• Plica synovialis suprapatellaris - Plica synovialis suprapatellaris
• Popliteal artery - Arteria poplitea
• Popliteal surface - Facies poplitea
• Popliteal vein - V. poplitea
• Popliteus - M. popliteus
• Posterior cruciate ligament - Lig. cruciatum posterius
• Posterior intercondylar area - Area intercondylaris posterior
• Posterior intermuscular septum of leg - Septum intermusculare cruris posterius
• Posterior meniscofemoral ligament - Lig. meniscofemorale posterius
• Posterior surface - Facies posterior
• Posterior tibial artery - Arteria tibialis posterior
• Posterior tibial veins - Vv. tibiales posteriores
• Quadriceps femori - M. quadriceps femoris
• Rectus femoris - M. rectus femoris
• Rectus femoris - M. rectus femoris (Tendon - Tendo)
• Saphenous nerve - N. saphenus
• Sartorius - M. sartorius
• Sartorius - M. sartorius (Tendon - Tendo)
• Semimembranosus - M. semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus - M. semitendinosus
• Small saphenous vein; Short saphenous vein - V. saphena parva
• Soleal line - Linea musculi solei
• Soleus - M. soleus
• Superior articular surface - Facies articularis superior
• Suprapatellar bursa - Bursa suprapatellaris
• Sural communicating branch - R. communicans fibularis; R. communicans peroneus
• Sural veins - Vv. surales
• T1 - T1w - T1 - T1w
• Tendon - Tendo
• Tibia - Tibia
• Tibial collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale tibiale
• Tibial nerve - N. tibialis
• Tibial tuberosity - Tuberositas tibiae
• Tibialis anterior - M. tibialis anterior
• Tibialis posterior - M. tibialis posterior
• Transverse ligament of knee - Lig. transversum genus
• Vastus intermedius - M. vastus intermedius
• Vastus lateralis - M. vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis - M. vastus medialis
• Vastus medialis - M. vastus medialis
• Veins - Vena
• Weightings - Weightings