Lower limb (MR) - Atlas of Cross-Sectional Gross Anatomy

• The cross sectional human anatomic atlas of the lower limb is an interactive tool based on MR axial images of the human leg.

• Anatomical structures of the lower limb (hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot) and particular regions (compartment of the lower limb) are visible as dynamic labeled images.

Cross sectional anatomy: MRI of the lower limb

• A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a healthy subject; with an axial spin-echo T1 weighted acquisition covering the entire human leg.

• From a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System), data and DICOM images were exported as JPEG images. Resizing, and colors have been made with the Adobe Photoshop. The software Macromedia Flash allows us the development of an atlas based application with an amazing functionality and user interface for exploration of the human skeleton anatomy.
• This module is a comprehensive and affordable learning tool for medical students and residents and especially for physicians, anatomists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists. It is also a fundamental communication tool to teach patients anatomy and pathology.
• It provides access to an atlas and to images in the axial planes, allowing the user to learn and review orthopedic anatomy interactively. Images are labeled, providing an invaluable teaching resource.
• We used the Terminlogia Anatomica to create anatomic labels. This terminology is the international standard on human anatomy (it supersedes the previous standard, Nomina Anatomica since 1998). It was developed by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) and the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA).

Anatomy of the lower limb (hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot): how to visualize anatomic labels

• The horizontal menu gives access to groups of anatomical structures that can be chosen by the user:
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
  • Bones
  • Nerves

• As the cursor is moved over a particular compartment of the lower thigh or the leg, that compartment is highlighted and labeled: anterior, medial, lateral or posterior compartment.
• The vertical left menu provides an illustration of a skeleton lower limb based on a three dimensional (3D) model that simplifies the access to the anatomical regions.
• The test mode allows comprehensive evaluation of user progress during his learning path.

• Abductor digiti minimi - M. abductor digiti minimi
• Abductor hallucis - M. abductor hallucis
• Adductor brevis - M. adductor brevis
• Adductor hallucis - M. adductor hallucis
• Adductor longus - M. adductor longus
• Adductor magnus - M. adductor magnus
• Anatomical structures - Anatomical structures
• Ankle - Tarsus
• Anterior branch - R. anterior
• Anterior compartment of leg - Compartimentum cruris anterius
• Anterior compartment of thigh - Compartimentum femoris anterius
• Anterior cruciate ligament - Lig. cruciatum anterius
• Anterior inferior iliac spine - Spina iliaca anterior inferior
• Anterior superior iliac spine - Spina iliaca anterior superior
• Anterior talofibular ligament - Lig. talofibulare anterius
• Anterior tibial artery - Arteria tibialis anterior
• Anterior tibial veins - Vv. tibiales anteriores
• Anterior tibiofibular ligament - Lig. tibiofibulare anterius
• Anterior tibiotalar part - Pars tibiotalaris anterior (Medial ligament; Deltoid ligament - Lig. collaterale mediale; Lig. deltoideum)
• Arteries - Arteriae
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris Long head - Caput longum
• Biceps femoris - M. biceps femoris Short head - Caput breve
• Bones - Os
• Calcaneal tendon - Tendo calcaneus
• Calcaneal tuberosity - Tuber calcanei
• Calcaneofibular ligament - Lig. calcaneofibulare
• Calcaneus - Calcaneus
• Common fibular nerve - N. fibularis communis
• Common iliac artery - Arteria iliaca communis
• Common iliac vein - Vena iliaca communis
• Cuboid - Os cuboideum
• Deep artery of thigh - Arteria profunda femoris
• Deep fibular nerve; Deep peroneal nerve - N. fibularis profundus; N. peroneus profundus
• Distal phalanx - Phalanx distalis
• Dorsal artery of foot - Arteria dorsalis pedis
• Dorsal interossei - Mm. interossei dorsales
• Extensor digitorum brevis - M. extensor digitorum brevis
• Extensor digitorum longus - M. extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor digitorum longus - M. extensor digitorum longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor hallucis brevis - M. extensor hallucis brevis
• Extensor hallucis longus - M. extensor hallucis longus
• Extensor hallucis longus - M. extensor hallucis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• External iliac artery - Arteria iliaca externa
• External iliac vein - Vena iliaca externa
• Femoral artery - Arteria femoralis
• Femoral nerve - N. femoralis
• Femoral vein - V. femoralis
• Fibula - Fibula
• Fibular artery - Arteria fibularis
• Fibular collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale fibulare
• Fibular veins; Peroneal veins - Vv. fibulares; Vv. peroneae
• Fibularis brevis - M. fibularis brevis
• Fibularis brevis - M. fibularis brevis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Fibularis longus - M. fibularis longus
• Fibularis longus - M. fibularis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis - M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Flexor digitorum brevis - M. flexor digitorum brevis
• Flexor digitorum longus - M. flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor digitorum longus - M. flexor digitorum longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor hallucis brevis - M. flexor hallucis brevis
• Flexor hallucis longus - M. flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor hallucis longus - M. flexor hallucis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Foot - Pes
• Gastrocnemius - M. gastrocnemius (Lateral head - Caput laterale)
• Gastrocnemius - M. gastrocnemius (Medial head - Caput mediale)
• Gerdy's tubercle - Gerdy's tubercle
• Gluteal region - Regio glutealis
• Gluteus maximus - M. gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius - M. gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus - M. gluteus minimus
• Gracilis - M. gracilis
• Gracilis - M. gracilis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Great saphenous vein - V. saphena magna
• Greater trochanter - Trochanter major
• Head - Caput femoris
• Head - Caput tali (Talus - Talus)
• Iliac crest - Crista iliaca
• Iliacus - M. iliacus
• Iliofemoral ligament - Lig. iliofemorale
• Iliopsoas - M. iliopsoas
• Inferior gluteal artery - A. glutea inferior
• Inferior gluteal vein - V. gluteae inferiore
• Inferior pubic ramus - Ramus inferior ossis pubis
• Inguinal ligament - Lig. inguinale; Arcus inguinalis
• Intercondylar fossa - Fossa intercondylaris
• Intermediate cuneiform; Middle cuneiform - Os cuneiforme intermedium
• Internal iliac artery - Arteria iliaca interna
• Internal iliac vein - Vena iliaca interna
• Ischial spine - Spina ischiadica
• Ischial tuberosity - Tuber ischiadicum
• Knee - Genu
• Lateral condyle - Condylus lateralis
• Lateral cuneiform - Os cuneiforme laterale
• Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh; Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus femoris lateralis
• Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus dorsalis lateralis
• Lateral epicondyle - Epicondylus lateralis
• Lateral malleolus - Malleolus lateralis
• Lateral plantar artery - Arteria plantaris lateralis
• Lateral plantar nerve - N. plantaris lateralis
• Lateral sural cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus surae lateralis
• Lateral tubercle - Tuberculum laterale (Talus - Talus)
• Leg - Crus
• Lesser trochanter - Trochanter minor
• Ligaments - Ligamenta
• Loge latérale de la jambe
• Medial compartment of thigh - Compartimentum femoris mediale
• Medial condyle - Condylus medialis
• Medial cuneiform - Os cuneiforme mediale
• Medial epicondyle - Epicondylus medialis
• Medial malleolus - Malleolus medialis
• Medial plantar artery - Arteria plantaris medialis
• Medial plantar nerve - N. plantaris medialis
• Medial sural cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus surae medialis
• Medial tubercle - Tuberculum mediale (Talus - Talus)
• Metatarsals [I-V] - Ossa metatarsi [I-V]
• Muscles - Musculi
• Navicular - Os naviculare
• Neck - Collum femoris
• Nerves - Nerves
• Obturator artery - A. obturatoria
• Obturator externus - M. obturatorius externus
• Obturator internus - M. obturatorius internus
• Obturator nerve - N. obturatorius
• Obturator vein - V. obturatoriae
• Patella - Patella
• Patellar ligament - Lig. patellae
• Pectineus - M. pectineus
• Piriformis - M. piriformis
• Plantar interossei - Mm. interossei plantares
• Plantaris - M. plantaris
• Plantaris - M. plantaris (Tendon - Tendo)
• Popliteal artery - Arteria poplitea
• Popliteal vein - V. poplitea
• Popliteus - M. popliteus
• Popliteus - M. popliteus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Posterior branch - R. posterior
• Posterior compartment of leg - Compartimentum cruris posterius
• Posterior compartment of thigh - Compartimentum femoris posterius
• Posterior cruciate ligament - Lig. cruciatum posterius
• Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus femoris posterior
• Posterior inferior iliac spine - Spina iliaca posterior inferior
• Posterior superior iliac spine - Spina iliaca posterior superior
• Posterior talofibular ligament - Lig. talofibulare posterius
• Posterior tibial artery - Arteria tibialis posterior
• Posterior tibial veins - Vv. tibiales posteriores
• Posterior tibiofibular ligament - Lig. tibiofibulare posterius
• Posterior tibiotalar part - Pars tibiotalaris posterior (Medial ligament; Deltoid ligament - Lig. collaterale mediale; Lig. deltoideum)
• Profunda femoris vein; Deep vein of thigh - V. profunda femoris
• Proximal phalanx - Phalanx proximalis
• Psoas major - M. psoas major
• Pubic tubercle - Tuberculum pubicum
• Quadratus femoris - M. quadratus femoris
• Quadratus plantae; Flexor accessorius - M. quadratus plantae; M. flexor accessorius
• Quadriceps femori - M. quadriceps femoris (Tendon - Tendo)
• Rectus femoris - M. rectus femoris
• Regions - Regions
• Sacrotuberous ligament - Lig. sacrotuberale
• Sacrum - Os sacrum
• Saphenous nerve - N. saphenus
• Sartorius - M. sartorius
• Sartorius - M. sartorius (Tendon - Tendo)
• Sciatic nerve - N. ischiadicus
• Semimembranosus - M. semimembranosus
• Semimembranosus - M. semimembranosus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Semitendinosus - M. semitendinosus
• Semitendinosus - M. semitendinosus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Sesamoid bones - Ossa sesamoidea
• Shaft of femur; Body of femur - Corpus femoris
• Small saphenous vein; Short saphenous vein - V. saphena parva
• Soleus - M. soleus
• Superficial fibular nerve; Superficial peroneal nerve - N. fibularis superficialis; N. peroneus superficialis
• Superior pubic ramus - Ramus superior ossis pubis
• Sural nerve - N. suralis
• Tensor of fascia lata - M. tensor fasciae latae
• Thigh - Femur
• Tibia - Tibia
• Tibial collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale tibiale
• Tibial nerve - N. tibialis
• Tibial tuberosity - Tuberositas tibiae
• Tibialis anterior - M. tibialis anterior
• Tibialis anterior - M. tibialis anterior (Tendon - Tendo)
• Tibialis posterior - M. tibialis posterior
• Tibialis posterior - M. tibialis posterior (Tendon - Tendo)
• Tibiocalcaneal part - Pars tibiocalcanea (Medial ligament; Deltoid ligament - Lig. collaterale mediale; Lig. deltoideum)
• Vastus intermedius - M. vastus intermedius
• Vastus lateralis - M. vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis - M. vastus medialis
• Veins - Vena