Upper limb (MR) - Atlas of Cross-Sectional Human Anatomy

• We have created an anatomical atlas of the upper limb that is an interactive tool for studying the conventional anatomy of the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist and hand based on an axial magnetic resonance of the entire upper limb. Anatomical structures and particular region are visible as dynamic labeled images.

Cross sectional anatomy: MRI of the upper limb

• A MRI was performed on a healthy subject, with a spin-echo T1 weighted acquisition.
• Data and DICOM images (archived on a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System)) were processed and exported as JPEG images.
• The software Macromedia Flash and Adobe Photoshop allow us the development of an atlas based application with a suitable functionality and user interface for exploration of the skeleton anatomy.
• Anatomical structures are labeled using to the actual Terminologia Anatomica.

Anatomy of the arm, forearm, wrist, shoulder and hand: how to visualize anatomic labels

• This module is a comprehensive and affordable learning tool for medical students and residents and especially for rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.
• It provides access to an atlas and to images in the axial planes, allowing the user to learn and review orthopedic anatomy interactively. Images are labeled, providing an invaluable teaching resource. The test mode allows comprehensive evaluation of user progress.
• The horizontal menu gives access to groups of anatomical structures that can be chosen by the user:
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Muscles
  • Tendons
  • Bones
  • Nerves
  • Ligaments

• As the cursor is moved over a particular compartment of the arm or the forearm, that compartment is highlighted and labeled: anterior, lateral or posterior compartment.
• The vertical left menu provides a medical illustration of a skeleton upper limb based on a three dimensional (3D) model that simplifies the access to the anatomical regions.

• Abductor digiti minimi - M. abductor digiti minimi
• Abductor pollicis brevis - M. abductor pollicis brevis
• Abductor pollicis longus - M. abductor pollicis longus
• Abductor pollicis longus - M. abductor pollicis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Acromion - Acromion
• Anatomical structures - Anatomical structures
• Anconeus - M. anconeus
• Anterior compartment of arm - Compartimentum brachii anterius
• Anterior interosseous artery - A. interossea anterior
• Anterior interosseous nerve - N. interosseus antebrachii anterior
• Anular ligament of radius - Lig. anulare radii
• Arm - Brachium
• Arteries - Arteriae
• Axillary artery - Arteria axillaris
• Axillary nerve - N. axillaris
• Axillary vein - Vena axillaris
• Basilic vein - V. basilica
• Biceps brachii - M. biceps brachii
• Biceps brachii - M. biceps brachii (Tendon - Tendo)
• Bones - Os
• Brachial artery - Arteria brachialis
• Brachial plexus - Plexus brachialis
• Brachial veins - V. Brachiale
• Brachialis - M. brachialis
• Brachioradialis - M. brachioradialis
• Brachioradialis - M. brachioradialis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Capitate - Os capitatum
• Capitulum - Capitulum humeri
• Cephalic vein - V. cephalica
• Clavicle - Clavicula
• Common extensor tendon - Common extensor tendon
• Common flexor tendon - Common flexor tendon
• Common palmar digital arteries - Aa. digitales palmares communes
• Condyle of humerus - Condylus humeri
• Coracobrachialis - M. coracobrachialis
• Coracoid process - Processus coracoideus
• Coronoid process - Processus coronoideus
• Deep branch - R. profundus
• Deltoid - M. deltoideus
• Deltoid tuberosity - Tuberositas deltoidea
• Distal phalanx - Phalanx distalis
• Dorsal digital arteries - Aa. digitales dorsales
• Dorsal digital nerves - Nn. digitales dorsales
• Dorsal digital vein - Dorsal digital vein - Dorsal digital vein - Dorsal digital vein
• Dorsal interossei - Mm. interossei dorsales
• Dorsal metacarpal veins - V. metacarpales dorsales
• Dorsal tubercle - Tuberculum dorsale
• Dorsal venous network of hand - Rete venosum dorsale manus
• Elbow - Cubitus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis - M. extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis - M. extensor carpi radialis brevis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor carpi radialis longus - M. extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis longus - M. extensor carpi radialis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor carpi ulnaris - M. extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor carpi ulnaris - M. extensor carpi ulnaris (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor digiti minimi - M. extensor digiti minimi
• Extensor digiti minimi - M. extensor digiti minimi (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor digitorum - M. extensor digitorum
• Extensor digitorum - M. extensor digitorum (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor indicis - M. extensor indicis
• Extensor indicis - M. extensor indicis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor pollicis brevis - M. extensor pollicis brevis
• Extensor pollicis brevis - M. extensor pollicis brevis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Extensor pollicis longus - M. extensor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis longus - M. extensor pollicis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor carpi radialis - M. flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor carpi radialis - M. flexor carpi radialis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor carpi ulnaris - M. flexor carpi ulnaris
• Flexor carpi ulnaris - M. flexor carpi ulnaris (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis - M. flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Flexor digitorum profundus - M. flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor digitorum profundus - M. flexor digitorum profundus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor digitorum superficialis - M. flexor digitorum superficialis
• Flexor digitorum superficialis - M. flexor digitorum superficialis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Flexor pollicis brevis - M. flexor pollicis brevis
• Flexor pollicis longus - M. flexor pollicis longus
• Flexor pollicis longus - M. flexor pollicis longus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Forearm - Antebrachium
• Glenoid cavity - Cavitas glenoidalis
• Greater tubercle - Tuberculum majus
• Hamate - Os hamatum
• Hand - Manus
• Head - Caput humeri
• Head - Caput radii
• Hook of hamate - Hamulus ossis hamati
• Infraspinatus - M. infraspinatus
• Infraspinatus - M. infraspinatus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Intercapitular veins - V. Intercapitulare
• Interosseous membrane - Membrana interossea
• Intertubercular sulcus; Bicipital groove - Sulcus intertubercularis
• Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm - N. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis
• Lateral epicondyle - Epicondylus lateralis
• Lateral head - Caput laterale
• Lateral intermuscular septum of arm - Septum intermusculare brachii laterale
• Lateral part; Radial part - Pars lateralis; Pars radialis
• Lateral supraepicondylar ridge - Crista supraepicondylaris lateralis
• Latissimus dorsi - M. latissimus dorsi
• Lesser tubercle - Tuberculum minus
• Ligaments - Ligamenta
• Long head - Caput longum
• Long head - Caput longum (Tendon - Tendo)
• Lumbricals - Mm. lumbricales
• Lunate - Os lunatum
• Medial cutaneous nerve of arm - N. cutaneus brachii medialis
• Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm - N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
• Medial epicondyle - Epicondylus medialis
• Medial head - Caput mediale
• Medial intermuscular septum of arm - Septum intermusculare brachii mediale
• Medial supraepicondylar ridge - Crista supraepicondylaris medialis
• Median antebrachial vein - V. mediana antebrachii
• Median cubital vein - V. mediana cubiti
• Median nerve - N. medianus
• Metacarpals - Ossa metacarpi
• Middle phalanx - Phalanx media
• Muscles - Musculi
• Musculocutaneous nerve - N. musculocutaneus
• Neck - Collum radii
• Neck of scapula - Collum scapulae
• Nerves - Nerves
• Olecranon - Olecranon
• Olecranon fossa - Fossa olecrani
• Opponens digiti minimi - M. opponens digiti minimi
• Palmar digital veins - V. digitales palmare
• Palmar interossei - Mm. interossei palmares
• Pectoral girdle; Shoulder girdle - Cingulum pectorale; Cingulum membri superioris
• Pectoralis major - M. pectoralis major
• Pectoralis major - M. pectoralis major (Tendon - Tendo)
• Pectoralis minor - M. pectoralis minor
• Pisiform - Os pisiforme
• Posterior compartment of arm - Compartimentum brachii posterius
• Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm; Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve - N. cutaneus brachii posterior
• Posterior interosseous artery - A. interossea posterior
• Posterior interosseous nerve - N. interosseus antebrachii posterior
• Pronator quadratus - M. pronator quadratus
• Pronator teres - M. pronator teres
• Proper palmar digital arteries - Aa. digitales palmares propriae
• Proper palmar digital nerves - Nn. digitales palmares proprii
• Proximal phalanx - Phalanx proximalis
• Radial artery - Arteria radialis
• Radial collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale radiale
• Radial nerve - N. radialis
• Radial notch - Incisura radialis
• Radial styloid process - Processus styloideus radii
• Radial tuberosity - Tuberositas radii
• Radial veins - V. radiale
• Radius - Radius
• Regions - Regions
• Scaphoid - Os scaphoideum
• Scapula - Scapula
• Shaft of humerus; Body of humerus - Corpus humeri
• Short head - Caput breve
• Spine of scapula - Spina scapulae
• Subscapularis - M. subscapularis
• Subscapularis - M. subscapularis (Tendon - Tendo)
• Superficial branch - R. superficialis
• Supinator - M. supinator
• Suprascapular nerve - N. suprascapularis
• Supraspinatus - M. supraspinatus
• Supraspinatus - M. supraspinatus (Tendon - Tendo)
• Tendon - Tendo
• Teres major - M. teres major
• Teres minor - M. teres minor
• Trapezium - Os trapezium
• Trapezius - M. trapezius
• Trapezoid - Os trapezoideum
• Triceps brachii - M. triceps brachii (Tendon - Tendo)
• Triquetrum - Os triquetrum
• Trochlea - Trochlea humeri
• Tuberosity of ulna - Tuberositas ulnae
• Ulna - Ulna
• Ulnar artery - Arteria ulnaris
• Ulnar collateral ligament - Lig. collaterale ulnare
• Ulnar nerve - N. ulnaris
• Ulnar notch - Incisura ulnaris
• Ulnar styloid process - Processus styloideus ulnae
• Ulnar veins - V. Ulnare
• Veins - Vena
• Wrist - Carpus