Ear and temporal bone anatomy (CT) - Interactive Atlas of Cross-Sectional Anatomy

• We have created an atlas of the temporal bone that is an educating tool for studying the normal anatomy of the petrous bone based on a MDCT exam of the axial and coronal of the ear and the petrous bone. Anatomical structures are visible as interactive labeled images.

• An axial and coronal bone multidetector computed tomographic imaging of the temporal bone was performed on a normal subject.
• Data and DICOM images archived on the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System) were processed and exported as JPEG images.
• The software Macromedia Flash and Adobe Photoshop allow us the development of an atlas based application with a suitable functionality and user interface for exploration of the temporal bone and skull base.
• Anatomical structures have been labeled according to the Terminologia Anatomica.

• This module is a comprehensive and affordable learning tool for residents and medical students and especially for neuroradiologists and otolaryngologists.
• It provides images in the axial and coronal planes, allowing the user to review and learn anatomy interactively. Images are labeled, providing a useful teaching resource. The test mode allows an evaluation of user progress.
• The horizontal menu allows an access to the groups of anatomical structures:
  • External ear
  • Ossicles
  • Tympanic cavity
  • Bony labyrinth anterior
  • Bony labyrinth posterior
  • Temporal bone
  • Nerves
• As the cursor is moved over an anatomic area, that area is labeled and highlighted: this allows to the viewer the study the bones of the skull base as the petrous part of the temporal bone.

• The CT is a particularly powerful exam for studying of the five bony parts to the T-bone:
  • Squamous : forms lateral wall of middle cranial fossa
  • Mastoid
  • Petrous : contains inner ear, internal auditory canal (IAC), petrous apex
  • Tympanic : forms most of bony external ear
  • Styloid process
• The vertical left menu provides cross references with axial, coronal and sagittal images of the T-bone, with anatomical graphics based on a three dimensional (3D) model.

• Aditus to mastoid antrum - Aditus ad antrum mastoideum
• Anatomical structures - Anatomical structures
• Anterior bony ampulla - Ampulla ossea anterior
• Anterior limb - Crus anterius
• Anterior process - Processus anterior
• Anterior semicircular canal - Canalis semicircularis anterior
• Antitragus - Antitragus
• Arcuate eminence - Eminentia arcuata
• Articular tubercle - Tuberculum articulare
• Auditory tube - Tuba auditiva
• Auricle; Pinna - Auricula
• Base of cochlea - Basis cochleae
• Base of stapes; Footplate - Basis stapedis
• Body of incus - Corpus incudis
• Body of sphenoid bone - Corpus sphenoidale
• Bony labyrinth - Labyrinthus osseus Anterior - Anterior
• Bony labyrinth - Labyrinthus osseus Posterior - Posterior
• Carotid canal - Canalis caroticus
• Cavity of concha - Cavitas conchae; Cavum conchae
• Chorda tympani - Chorda tympani
• Chorda tympani - Chorda tympani
• Chorda tympani - Chorda tympani
• Cochlear aqueduct - Aqueductus cochleae
• Cochlear cupula - Cupula cochleae
• Cochlear nerve - Nervus cochlearis
• Common bony limb - Crus osseum commune
• Condylar process - Processus condylaris
• Crest of round window - Crista fenestrae cochleae
• Crus of helix - Crus helicis
• Epitympanic recess - Recessus epitympanicus
• Epitympanum
• External acoustic meatus - Meatus acusticus externus
• External acoustic meatus - Meatus acusticus externus
• External acoustic opening - Porus acusticus externus
• External ear - Auris externa
• Facial nerve VII (labyrinthic part) - Nervus facialis VII
• Facial nerve VII (mastoid part) - Nervus facialis VII
• Facial nerve VII (tympanic part) - Nervus facialis VII
• Falciform crest - Falciform crest
• Foramen - Foramen lacerum - Foramen - Foramen lacerum
• Foramen - Foramen ovale - Foramen - Foramen ovale
• Foramen - Foramen spinosum - Foramen - Foramen spinosum
• Fossa of oval window - Fossula fenestrae vestibuli
• Fossa of round window - Fossula fenestrae cochleae
• Geniculate ganglion - Ganglion geniculi; Ganglion geniculatum
• Greater petrosal nerve - N. petrosus major
• Groove for greater petrosal nerve - Sulcus nervi petrosi majoris
• Groove for lesser petrosal nerve - Sulcus nervi petrosi minoris
• Groove for sigmoid sinus - Sulcus sinus sigmoidei
• Groove for superior petrosal sinus - Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris
• Handle of malleus - Manubrium mallei
• Head of malleus - Caput mallei
• Head of stapes - Caput stapedis
• Helix - Helix
• Hypoglossal canal - Canalis nervi hypoglossi
• Hypotympanum - Hypotympanumum
• Inferior part of vestibular nerve - Pars inferior
• Intermediate nerve - Nervus intermedius
• Internal acoustic meatus - Meatus acusticus internus
• Internal acoustic opening - Porus acusticus internus
• Jugular foramen - Foramen - Foramen jugulare
• Jugular fossa - Fossa jugularis
• Jugular wall; Floor - Paries jugularis
• Lateral bony ampulla - Ampulla ossea lateralis
• Lateral process - Processus lateralis
• Lateral semicircular canal - Canalis semicircularis lateralis
• Lenticular process - Processus lenticularis
• Lobule of auricle; Lobe of ear - Lobulus auriculae
• Long limb of incus - Crus longum
• Mandibular fossa - Fossa mandibularis
• Mastoid antrum - Antrum mastoideum
• Mastoid cells - Cellulae mastoideae
• Mastoid process - Processus mastoideus
• Mesotympanum
• Modiolus of cochlea - Modiolus cochleae
• Neck of malleus - Collum mallei
• Nerve to stapedius - N. stapedius
• Nerves - Nerves
• Occipital bone - Os occipitale
• Opening of cochlear canaliculus - Apertura canaliculi cochleae
• Opening of vestibular canaliculus - Apertura canaliculi vestibuli
• Ossicles - Ossicles
• Other structures - Other structures
• Oval window - Fenestra vestibuli
• Petro-mastoid canal
• Petrous part - Pars petrosa
• Posterior bony ampulla - Ampulla ossea posterior
• Posterior limb - Crus posterius
• Posterior semicircular canal - Canalis semicircularis posterior
• Prominence of facial canal - Prominentia canalis facialis
• Prominence of lateral semicircular canal - Prominentia canalis semicircularis lateralis
• Promontory - Promontorium
• Protympanum - Protympanumum
• Pyramidal eminence - Eminentia pyramidalis
• Ramus of mandible - Ramus mandibulae
• Round window - Fenestra cochleae
• Short limb - Crus breve
• Sinus tympani - Sinus tympani
• Spine of sphenoid bone - Spina ossis sphenoidalis
• Squamous part - Pars squamosa
• Stapedius - M. stapedius
• Styloid process - Processus styloideus
• Stylomastoid foramen - Foramen - Foramen stylomastoideum
• Subarcuate fossa - Fossa subarcuata
• Superior part of vestibular nerve - Pars superior
• Tegmen tympani - Tegmen tympani
• Tegmental roof - Paries tegmentalis
• Temporal bone - Os temporale
• Tensor tympani - M. tensor tympani
• Tragus - Tragus
• Trigeminal impression - Impressio trigeminalis
• Tympanic canaliculus - Canaliculus tympanicus
• Tympanic cavity - Cavitas tympani
• Tympanic cells - Cellulae tympanicae
• Tympanic membrane - Membrana tympanica
• Tympanic nerve - N. tympanicus
• Tympanic part - Pars tympanica
• Vestibular canaliculus - Canaliculus vestibuli
• Vestibular ganglion - Ganglion vestibulare
• Vestibule - Vestibulum
• Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII - Nervus vestibulocochlearis VIII
• Wall of Gellé - Paries (Gellé)
• Zygomatic process - Processus zygomaticus

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