Pädagogische Ziele
Learning objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able:
- To list the main difficulties in cardiac MRI
- Present the methods to overcome these
- Explain the principles of ECG gating
- Describe the techniques and results of:
- Morphological and functional cardiac exploration
- Cine phase-contrast velocity mapping
- Myocardial perfusion and late enhancement imaging
- Coronary MR angiography
Schlüsselpunkte
Application
|
Sequence
|
Gating
|
Breath.
|
Prep
|
Inj.
|
Blood
|
Contr.
|
Morphology
|
Fast SE
with Dark blood preparation
|
P
|
H
|
DB
|
–
|
●
|
T1, T2
|
Morphology
|
Ultrafast SE
with Dark blood preparation
|
P
|
L/A
|
DB
|
–
|
●
|
T1, T2
|
function
|
Balanced steady state GE cine sequence
± tagging ± stress
|
R/P
|
H/F
|
± tagging
|
± stress
(Dobu tamine)
|
○
|
T2/T1
|
Flow
|
Phase contrast
|
R/P
|
H
|
PE
|
–
|
● +
○ –
|
Speed (phase)
|
Perfusion
|
GE-EPI, ultrafast GE or GE with balanced gradients and preparation by saturation recuperation (SR)
|
P
|
H/C/F
|
SR
|
Gado
1st p.
± stress
|
○
|
T1
|
Delayed enhancement
|
IR/PSIR – ultrafast GE
with TI adapted to suppress the signal from the healthy myocardium (IR) or in PSIR technique
|
P
|
H
|
IR
PSIR
|
delayed Gado
|
○
|
Healthy myo cardium,
T1
|
Gating: P = prospective, R = retrospective
Breathing: H = Breath-hold, F = Free breathing, C = Respiratory compensation
Preparation: DB = Dark Blood, PE = Phase encoding, SR = Saturation Recuperation, IR = Inversion recuperation, PSIR = Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery
Injection: Dobu = Dobutamine, Adenos. = Adenosine, Gado = Gadolinium chelates
Blood signal: ● = dark blood, ○ = bright blood, ● + = flow moving toward the observer, in black, ○ – = flow moving away from the observer, in white
Referenzen
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