Accessory lacrimal glands

Accessory lacrimal glands are small serous exocrine glands that supplement tear production and play an important role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis.

Types and Location

1. Glands of Krause

• Located within the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

• Approximately: 20 glands in the superior fornix, and 10 glands in the inferior fornix

2. Glands of Wolfring

• Located along the nonmarginal border of the tarsal plates, in both upper and lower eyelids

Structure

• Histological structure of accessory lacrimal glands resembles the main lacrimal gland, comprising acini (secretory units) and ducts (excretory component).

• Ducts open into the superior conjunctival fornix (glands of Krause) and palpebral conjunctiva (glands of Wolfring).

Function

• The accessory lacrimal glands are thought to be primarily responsible for basal tear secretion, maintaining continuous lubrication of the ocular surface.

• The main lacrimal gland mainly contributes to reflex tearing.