Circumflex arteries of penis

The circumflex arteries of the penis are small arterial branches that course circumferentially around the penile shaft, wrapping around the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum within the space between the tunica albuginea and Buck's fascia. They serve as important anastomotic connections between the dorsal penile arteries and the deeper cavernosal and urethral arterial systems, contributing to the collateral arterial network of the penis.

Anatomical Course and Origin

The circumflex arteries arise as branches from the dorsal arteries of the penis and travel laterally and ventrally around the erectile bodies. They course between the tunica albuginea and Buck's fascia, encircling the corpora cavernosa to reach the corpus spongiosum and urethra. Along their path, they give off perforating branches that penetrate the tunica albuginea to supply the cavernous tissue. Cadaveric dissection studies have demonstrated that the dorsal arteries of the penis contribute perforating branches that join the cavernous artery or independently vascularize the distal third of the penis, with the circumflex arteries forming part of this anastomotic network.

Relationship to the Circumflex Veins

The circumflex arteries are accompanied by corresponding circumflex veins, which are more prominently described in the literature. The circumflex veins drain blood from the corpus spongiosum and the medial portions of the corpora cavernosa into the deep dorsal vein, forming an intricate interconnective venous network. The majority of penile venous drainage occurs through the deep dorsal vein, into which emissary veins from the corpora and circumflex veins from the spongiosum drain. These circumflex veins also participate in the veno-occlusive mechanism essential for maintaining erection.